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Compare Niue (2004) - San Marino (2003)
Compare Niue (2004) z San Marino (2003)
| Niue (2004) | San Marino (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order | 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.) |
0-14 years: 16.3% (male 2,364; female 2,220)
15-64 years: 67.1% (male 9,149; female 9,731) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 2,009; female 2,646) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle | wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides |
| Airports | 1 (2003 est.) | none (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 61.2 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. | The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 10.49 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: NA
expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA |
revenues: $400 million
expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Alofi | San Marino |
| Climate | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds | Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
| Coastline | 64 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) | 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $418,000 (2002 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | San Marino does not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. | The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.79 million kWh (2001) | NA (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh
note: electric power supplied by Italy |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy |
| Electricity - production | 3 million kWh (2001) | NA |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 41.18%
hydro: 58.82% nuclear: 0% other: 0% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
| Environment - current issues | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) | Sammarinese, Italian |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) | euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30% |
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2003-31 March 2004)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2003 (next to be held NA March 2004); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007) election results: Giovanni LONFERNINI and Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister |
| Exports | NA (2001) | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
| Exports - commodities | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts | building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics |
| Exports - partners | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) | - |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: 55% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | -0.3% (2000 est.) | 7.5% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 19 02 S, 169 52 W | 43 46 N, 12 25 E |
| Geography - note | one of world's largest coral islands | landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
| Highways | total: 234 km
paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001) |
total: 220 km
paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA (2001) | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
| Imports - commodities | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs | wide variety of consumer manufactures, food |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) | - |
| Independence | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand | 3 September 301 |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | 6% (1997 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, handicrafts, food processing | tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2004 est.) |
total: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1995) | 3.3% (2001) |
| International organization participation | ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO | CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue | Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII |
| Labor force | NA (1998 est.) | 18,500 (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board | services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km |
| Land use | arable land: 15.38%
permanent crops: 11.54% other: 73.08% (2001) |
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English | Italian |
| Legal system | English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws |
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected |
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.) |
total population: 81.43 years
male: 77.9 years female: 85.26 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA female: NA |
definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga | Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy |
| Map references | Oceania | Europe |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none | - |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | - |
| Military branches | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force | Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $700,000 (FY00/01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) |
| Nationality | noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | NA |
| Natural resources | fish, arable land | building stone |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 11.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] | Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 2,156 (July 2004 est.) | 28,119 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.01% (2004 est.) | 1.38% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Railways | - | 0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore |
| Religions | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) | Roman Catholic |
| Sex ratio | NA (2004 est.) | at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: country code - 683 |
general assessment: adequate connections
domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,100 est (2002) | 18,000 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 400 (2002) | 3,010 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) |
| Terrain | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau | rugged mountains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2004 est.) | 1.31 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA (March 1999) | 2.6% (2001) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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